Dangane da tsarin zamani na zamani na infrared lasers, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan infrared lasers iri-iri guda uku, wato laser semiconductor, laser fiber da lasers mai ƙarfi.Daga cikin su, m-jihar Laser za a iya raba m-jihar Laser dangane da Tantancewar mara igiyar waya hira da m-jihar Laser cewa kai tsaye samar da gajeren-kalaman infrared Laser daga Laser aiki kayan.
Semiconductor Laser yi amfani da semiconductor kayan a matsayin Laser aiki kayan, da fitarwa Laser zangon da aka ƙaddara ta band rata na semiconductor kayan.Tare da haɓaka kimiyyar kayan aiki, madannin makamashi na kayan semiconductor za a iya keɓance su zuwa faɗuwar kewayon raƙuman laser ta hanyar injiniyan band ɗin makamashi.Sabili da haka, ana iya samun tsayin tsayin igiyoyin infrared laser da yawa tare da laser semiconductor.
ya hankula Laser aiki abu na gajeren-kalaman infrared semiconductor Laser ne phosphor abu.Misali, indium phosphide semiconductor Laser mai girman budewa na 95 μm yana da tsayin tsayin laser na 1.55 μm da 1.625 μm, kuma ikon ya kai 1.5 W.
Fiber Laser yana amfani da ƙarancin-ƙasa-doped gilashin fiber a matsayin Laser matsakaici da semiconductor Laser a matsayin famfo tushen.Yana da kyawawan halaye irin su ƙananan ƙofa, babban juzu'i mai inganci, ingantaccen ingancin fitarwa, tsari mai sauƙi, da babban abin dogaro.Hakanan zai iya yin amfani da fa'idar bakan da ba a sani ba na radiation ion na duniya don samar da laser fiber mai kunnawa ta ƙara zaɓaɓɓun abubuwan gani kamar gratings a cikin resonator na Laser.Fiber Laser sun zama muhimmiyar jagora a cikin ci gaban fasahar Laser.
1. Laser mai ƙarfi
Kafofin watsa labaru masu ƙarfi na Laser wanda zai iya haifar da laser infrared na gajere kai tsaye sune Er: YAG lu'ulu'u da yumbu, da gilashin Er-doped.Laser mai ƙarfi wanda ya dogara da Er: YAG crystal da yumbu na iya fitowa kai tsaye 1.645μm gajeriyar laser infrared laser, wanda shine wuri mai zafi a cikin binciken gajeriyar laser infrared a cikin 'yan shekarun nan [3-5].A halin yanzu, ƙarfin bugun bugun jini na Er: YAG lasers ta amfani da electro-optic ko acousto-optic Q-switching ya kai kaɗan zuwa dubun mJ, faɗin bugun jini na dubun ns, da maimaita mitar dubun zuwa dubbai na Hz.Idan ana amfani da Laser semiconductor na 1.532 μm azaman tushen famfo, Zai sami fa'ida mai yawa a fagen bincike na laser aiki da matakan laser, musamman tasirin sa a kan na'urorin gargaɗi na Laser na yau da kullun.
Er gilashin Laser yana da m tsari, low cost, haske nauyi, kuma zai iya gane Q-switched aiki.Ita ce tushen hasken da aka fi so don gano aiki na laser infrared mai gajeriyar igiyar ruwa.Duk da haka, saboda gazawar guda huɗu na kayan gilashin Er: Na farko, matsakaicin tsayin daka na nau'in bakan shine 940 nm ko 976 nm, wanda ke sa fitilun famfo da wahala a cimma;Na biyu, shirye-shiryen kayan gilashin Er yana da wuyar gaske kuma ba shi da sauƙi don yin manyan girma;Na uku, Gilashin Er Kayan yana da ƙarancin yanayin zafi, kuma ba shi da sauƙi don cimma maimaita aikin mita na dogon lokaci, balle ci gaba da aiki;na hudu, babu wani abu mai canza Q-switching.Duk da cewa binciken Laser infrared na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa bisa gilashin Er ya kasance yana jan hankalin mutane, saboda dalilai hudu da ke sama, babu wani samfurin da ya fito.Har zuwa 1990, tare da fitowar sandunan laser semiconductor tare da tsawon 940 nm da 980 nm, da kuma fitowar cikakkun kayan sha kamar Co2 +: MgAl2O4 (cobalt-doped magnesium aluminate), manyan kwalabe biyu na tushen famfo da Q-switching. sun karye.Binciken kan Laser gilashin ya ci gaba da sauri.Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙasara ta dada Er gilashin Laser module, wanda integrates semiconductor famfo tushen, Er gilashin da resonant rami, nauyi ba fiye da 10 g, kuma yana da karamin tsari samar iya aiki na 50 kW ganiya ikon kayayyaki.Duk da haka, saboda rashin kyawun aikin kayan aikin gilashin Er, yawan maimaitawar na'urar Laser har yanzu yana da ƙasa.Mitar Laser na 50 kW module shine kawai 5 Hz, kuma matsakaicin mitar laser na 20 kW module shine 10 Hz, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi kawai a cikin ƙananan aikace-aikacen mitar.
Fitowar Laser na 1.064 μm ta Nd:YAG Laser pulsed yana da ƙarfin kololuwa har zuwa megawatts.Lokacin da irin wannan haske mai ƙarfi ya ratsa ta cikin wasu kayan masarufi na musamman, hotunansa suna warwatse ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba akan ƙwayoyin kayan, wato, ana ɗaukan photons kuma suna samar da ƙananan ƙarancin mitoci.Akwai nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu waɗanda zasu iya cimma wannan tasirin jujjuyawar mitar: ɗaya shine lu'ulu'u marasa kan layi, kamar KTP, LiNbO3, da sauransu;ɗayan kuma iskar gas mai ƙarfi kamar H2.Sanya su a cikin kogon resonant na gani don samar da oscillator na gani na gani (OPO).
OPO dangane da iskar gas mai ƙarfi yawanci tana nufin ƙwaƙƙwaran Raman watsar oscillator mai haske.Hasken famfo yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci kuma yana haifar da ƙananan igiyoyin haske.Babban Laser na Raman yana amfani da Laser 1.064 μm don fitar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi H2 don samun laser infrared gajeriyar μm 1.54 μm.
HOTUNA 1
Ainihin aikace-aikacen tsarin infrared infrared GV shine hoto mai nisa da dare.Hasken Laser ya kamata ya zama laser infrared gajeriyar bugun bugun jini tare da babban ƙarfin kololuwa, kuma maimaitawarsa yakamata ya yi daidai da mitar firam ɗin kyamarar strobed.Dangane da halin da ake ciki na laser infrared na gajeriyar raƙuman ruwa a gida da waje, Er: YAG lasers da OPO-based 1.57 μm m-state lasers sune mafi kyawun zaɓi.Mitar maimaitawa da ƙarfin kololuwar ƙaramar Laser gilashin Er har yanzu yana buƙatar haɓakawa.3.Aikace-aikacen Laser infrared na gajeriyar raƙuman ruwa a cikin binciken bincike na hoto
Mahimmancin ɗan gajeren zangon infrared Laser anti-reconnaissance shine don haskaka kayan aikin binciken optoelectronic na abokan gaba da ke aiki a cikin gajeriyar infrared band tare da gajeriyar igiyoyin laser infrared, ta yadda zai iya samun bayanan da ba daidai ba ko kuma ba zai iya aiki akai-akai ba, ko ma. na'urar ganowa ta lalace.Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gajeriyar igiyar ruwan infrared Laser anti-reconnaissance hanyoyin, wato tsangwama na yaudarar nesa ga mai gano ido na Laser da kuma lalatawar kyamarar infrared mai gajeriyar igiyar ruwa.
1.1 Tsangwama na yaudarar nisa ga ɗan adam kare lafiyar ido Laser rangefinder
Na'urar kewayawa ta Laser tana jujjuya nisa tsakanin maƙasudi da manufa ta lokacin tazarar bugun bugun laser yana komawa da gaba tsakanin wurin ƙaddamarwa da manufa.Idan mai gano kewayon ya karɓi wasu nau'ikan bugun laser kafin siginar amsawar da aka nuna na maƙasudin ya isa wurin ƙaddamarwa, zai dakatar da lokaci, kuma nisan da aka canjawa ba shine ainihin nisan abin da aka nufa ba, amma ƙanƙanta da ainihin nisan abin da ake nufi.Ƙarya nesa, wanda ya cimma manufar yaudarar nisa na kewayon.Don na'urori masu saurin gani na Laser na ido, za a iya amfani da na'urorin bugun jini na infrared na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa don aiwatar da tsangwama na yaudara.
Laser ɗin da ke aiwatar da tsangwama na yaudarar nisa na mai gano nesa yana daidaita ma'anar abin da ake nufi da Laser, don haka ƙarfin kololuwar laser yana da ƙasa sosai, amma ya kamata a cika waɗannan yanayi guda biyu:
1) Tsawon igiyoyin Laser dole ne ya zama daidai da tsayin daka na aiki na kewayon kewayon tsoma baki.Ana shigar da matattarar tsangwama a gaban mai gano zango, kuma bandwidth ɗin yana da kunkuntar sosai.Lasers tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa ban da tsayin aiki ba ba za su iya isa saman mai gano hoto ba.Ko da 1.54 μm da 1.57 μm lasers masu tsayi iri ɗaya ba za su iya tsoma baki tare da juna ba.
2) Mitar maimaitawar Laser dole ne ya zama babban isa.Mai gano rangefinder yana amsa siginar Laser yana kaiwa saman sa mai ɗaukar hoto kawai lokacin da aka auna kewayon.Don samun tsangwama mai inganci, bugun bugun kutsawa ya kamata aƙalla matsewa cikin ƙofofin kewayon 2 zuwa 3 bugun jini.Ƙofar kewayon da za a iya samu a halin yanzu yana kan tsari na μs, don haka dole ne laser mai shiga tsakani ya sami babban maimaita maimaitawa.Ɗaukar nisan nisan kilomita 3 a matsayin misali, lokacin da ake buƙata don laser don komawa da gaba sau ɗaya shine 20 μs.Idan an shigar da aƙalla ƙwanƙwasa 2, maimaitawar laser dole ne ya kai 50 kHz.Idan mafi ƙarancin kewayon kewayon Laser shine 300 m, maimaita maimaitawar jammer ba zai iya zama ƙasa da 500 kHz ba.Laser semiconductor kawai da Laser fiber na iya cimma irin wannan ƙimar maimaitawa mai yawa.
1.2 Tsangwama mai matsewa da lalacewa ga kyamarorin infrared na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa
A matsayin babban ɓangaren tsarin hoton infrared na gajeriyar raƙuman ruwa, kyamarar infrared mai gajeriyar igiyar ruwa tana da iyakataccen kewayon ƙarfin amsawa na injin gano jirgin sama na InGaAs.Idan abin da ya faru ƙarfin gani ya wuce iyakar babba na kewayo mai ƙarfi, jikewa zai faru, kuma mai ganowa ba zai iya yin hoto na yau da kullun ba.Babban iko Laser zai haifar da lahani na dindindin ga na'urar ganowa.
Ci gaba da ƙaramar wutar lantarki semiconductor Laser da fiber Laser tare da babban maimaitawa sun dace don ci gaba da tsangwama na kyamarorin infrared na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa.Ci gaba da haskaka kyamarar infrared mai gajeriyar igiyar ruwa tare da Laser.Saboda babban-magnification condensing na gani ruwan tabarau, yankin da Laser isar a kan InGaAs mai da hankali jirgin sama ya cika sosai, sabili da haka ba za a iya hoto kullum.Sai kawai bayan an dakatar da hasken wutar lantarki na Laser na wani ɗan lokaci, aikin hoton zai iya komawa al'ada a hankali.
Dangane da sakamakon shekaru da yawa na bincike da ci gaban Laser aiki countermeasure kayayyakin a bayyane da kuma kusa-infrared makada da kuma mahara filin lalacewa tasiri gwaje-gwaje, kawai gajere bugun jini Laser tare da kololuwar ikon megawatts da sama na iya haifar da irreversible lalacewa ga TV. kyamarori a nisan kilomita daga nesa.lalacewa.Ko ana iya samun tasirin lalacewa, ƙarfin kololuwar na'urar shine maɓalli.Matukar ƙarfin kololuwar ya fi ƙarfin lalacewa mai ganowa, bugun bugun jini ɗaya na iya lalata mai ganowa.Daga mahangar wahalar ƙirar Laser, ɓarkewar zafi da amfani da wutar lantarki, maimaita maimaitawar na'urar ba lallai ba ne ta isa ƙimar firam ɗin kyamara ko ma mafi girma, kuma 10 Hz zuwa 20 Hz na iya saduwa da aikace-aikacen yaƙi na ainihi.A zahiri, kyamarorin infrared na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa ba banda.
InGaAs masu gano jirgin sama sun haɗa da CCDs bam na lantarki bisa InGaAs/InP ƙaura photocathodes da CMOS daga baya aka haɓaka.Cikewar su da iyakokin lalacewa suna cikin tsari iri ɗaya da CCD/CMOS na tushen Si, amma har yanzu ba a sami tushen InGaAs/InP ba.Cikewa da lalata bayanan bakin kofa na CCD/COMS.
Dangane da halin da ake ciki na gajeriyar laser infrared lasers a gida da waje, 1.57 μm mai maimaita mitar mai ƙarfi-jihar Laser dangane da OPO har yanzu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don lalacewar Laser ga CCD/COMS.Babban aikin shigar da yanayin yanayi da babban ƙarfin ƙarfin gajeriyar bugun bugun jini Laser ɗaukar hoto mai haske da ingantattun halayen bugun jini guda ɗaya a bayyane suke don ƙarancin kisa na tsarin optoelectronic mai nisa sanye take da kyamarorin infrared gajere.
2 .Kammalawa
Laser infrared gajere tare da tsayin raƙuman ruwa tsakanin 1.1 μm da 1.7 μm suna da haɓakar yanayi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi don shiga hazo, ruwan sama, dusar ƙanƙara, hayaki, yashi da ƙura.Ba a ganuwa ga kayan aikin hangen nesa mara nauyi na gargajiya na gargajiya.Laser a cikin 1.4 μm zuwa 1.6 μm band yana da lafiya ga idon ɗan adam, kuma yana da siffofi na musamman kamar na'urar gano balagagge tare da tsayin tsayin amsawa a cikin wannan kewayon, kuma ya zama muhimmin jagorar ci gaba don aikace-aikacen soja na Laser.
Wannan takarda yana nazarin halaye na fasaha da matsayi na nau'in laser infrared guda hudu na yau da kullum, ciki har da phosphor semiconductor lasers, Er-doped fiber lasers, Er-doped solid-state lasers, da OPO-based solid-state lasers, da kuma taƙaita amfani. daga cikin waɗannan gajerun laser infrared lasers a cikin binciken bincike mai aiki na photoelectric.Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun a cikin anti-reconnaissance.
1) Ci gaba da ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi mai maimaita mitar phosphor semiconductor lasers da Er-doped fiber lasers ana amfani da su galibi don hasken haske don sa ido na nisa mai nisa da yin niyya da dare da kuma hana tsangwama ga kyamarorin infrared na abokan gaba.Babban maimaita gajeriyar bugun jini phosphor lasers da Er-doped fiber lasers suma madaidaicin tushen haske don tsarin kare lafiyar ido da yawa, radar sikanin Laser da amincin ido Laser rangefinder nesa na yaudara.
2) Laser na tushen tushen OPO tare da ƙarancin maimaitawa amma tare da mafi girman ƙarfin megawatts ko ma megawatts goma ana iya amfani dashi sosai a cikin radar hoto mai walƙiya, kallon gating na laser mai nisa da daddare, lalacewar laser infrared gajere da yanayin al'ada m idanun ɗan adam Safety Laser jere.
3) The ƙaramin Er gilashin Laser yana daya daga cikin mafi sauri girma kwatance na gajere infrared Laser a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Ana iya amfani da ƙarfin halin yanzu da matakan mitar maimaituwa a cikin ƙaramar lafiyar ido na laser rangefinders.A cikin lokaci, da zarar ƙarfin kololuwa ya kai matakin megawatt, ana iya amfani da shi don radar hoto mai walƙiya, duban gate na laser, da lalata laser ga kyamarorin infrared na gajeriyar igiyar ruwa.
4) Diode-pumped Er: YAG Laser wanda ke ɓoye na'urar gargaɗin Laser shine babban jagorar ci gaba na manyan infrared lasers na gajeriyar igiyar wuta.Yana da babban yuwuwar aikace-aikacen a cikin filashin lidar, duban gate na laser mai nisa da dare, da lalacewar laser.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kamar yadda tsarin makami ke da buƙatu mafi girma da mafi girma don haɗakar da tsarin optoelectronic, ƙananan kayan aikin laser da ƙananan nauyi sun zama abin da ba zai yiwu ba a cikin ci gaban kayan aikin laser.Semiconductor Laser, fiber Laser da ƙananan lasers tare da ƙananan girman, nauyi mai nauyi da ƙarancin wutar lantarki Er Laser gilashin sun zama babban jagora na ci gaban gajeriyar laser infrared.Musamman, fiber Laser tare da kyakkyawan ingancin katako suna da babban yuwuwar aikace-aikacen a cikin hasken taimako na dare, sa ido na ɓoyewa da buri, lidar hoton hoto, da tsoma baki na Laser.Koyaya, ƙarfin / kuzarin waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan laser ƙanana da ƙananan nauyi gabaɗaya ba su da ƙarfi, kuma ana iya amfani da su kawai don wasu aikace-aikacen bincike na ɗan gajeren zango, kuma ba za su iya biyan buƙatun bincike na dogon zango da bincike ba.Sabili da haka, mayar da hankali ga ci gaba shine ƙara ƙarfin laser / makamashi.
Laser na tushen OPO yana da ingancin katako mai kyau da ƙarfin kololuwa, kuma fa'idodin su a cikin hangen nesa mai nisa, radar hoto mai walƙiya da lalacewar laser har yanzu suna bayyane sosai, kuma ƙarfin fitarwar Laser da mitar maimaita laser yakamata a ƙara haɓaka. .Domin diode-pumped Er:YAG Laser, idan bugun bugun jini ya karu yayin da bugun bugun jini ya kara matsawa, zai zama mafi kyau madadin ga OPO m-jihar Laser.Yana da fa'idodi a cikin hangen nesa mai nisa, radar hoto mai walƙiya, da lalacewar laser.Babban damar aikace-aikacen.
Ƙarin bayanin samfur, za ku iya zuwa ziyarci gidan yanar gizon mu:
https://www.erbiumtechnology.com/
Imel:devin@erbiumtechnology.com
WhatsApp: +86-18113047438
Fax: + 86-2887897578
Ƙara: No.23, Titin Chaoyang, Titin Xihe, Longquanyi distrcit, Chengdu,610107, China.
Lokacin Sabuntawa: Maris-02-2022
